A fixed-price estimate is only as good as the scoping work behind it. We don't quote from a one-page brief — we run a short discovery engagement first, specifically so the estimate that follows holds up.
The biggest source of estimate drift isn't bad engineering, it's undiscovered integration work: a component that doesn't behave like its datasheet, a supplier lead time that blows the schedule, or compliance requirements nobody mentioned in the kickoff call.
We build a contingency line into every estimate for exactly that category of surprise, sized based on how well-understood the existing system already is.